Today, with the flourishing development of cosmetics, various cosmetic companies pay due attention to improving product quality, and they are very concerned about the development of internal material formulations. At the same time, they also spare no effort to upgrade the carrier of cosmetics, the packaging material. With the increasing demands of people on how to use cosmetics more conveniently and protect cosmetics more safely, pumps as the optimal solution are increasingly being applied to various cosmetic products.

There are numerous pumps on the market, with different sizes, shapes, and discharge conditions. So what are the working principles of so many pumps? Is there any commonality between them?

Two categories of cosmetic pumps
1. Quantitative pump: the power to spit out the material comes from the outside, usually the pressing of the hand;
2. Aerosol pump: The power for the material body to spit out comes from the inside, and it is necessary to add the material body to the suitable aerosol tank to participate in the pressure gas;
The two types of pumps have very different functional structures due to different power sources.
This paper focuses on the functional structure analysis of the quantitative pump: an introduction to the classification of the quantitative pump, the eight functional structures of the quantitative pump, and the eight functional structures of the quantitative pump.
Introduction to the classification of quantitative pumps
Classified by spit status:
A. Spray pump B. Lotion pump C. Foam pump
Classified by applicable products:
Eight functional structures of quantitative pump
The above-mentioned different types of pumps should have the following eight functional structures to achieve normal operation:
1. Discharge channel
Generally, the parts that constitute this channel are pressure head and nozzle, and the foam pump will be equipped with a filter tube. The material in the container is acted by the pump core to reach the passage outside the container. This part will determine the discharge state of the material, whether it is mist, liquid or foam.
2. Suction channel
The material in the container passes through the channel before entering the cylinder through the action of the pump core.
The parts that constitute this channel are generally the suction pipe connected to the end of the cylinder. For vacuum pumps, there is no suction pipe. The continuous upward movement of the large piston in the container or the shortening of the flexible container ensures that the material continues to contact the cylinder tail hole.
3. Pump material system
The general components are cylinder, piston, ball valve, connecting rod and plug sleeve (lock cover). Under the action of force, the piston reciprocates in the cylinder, and the valve structures arranged at the front and rear of the pump body will open and close sequentially. The material in the container enters the pump body from the suction channel under the action of the pressure difference. The process of reaching the outside of the container through the discharge channel is achieved by the cooperation of multiple parts to complete the system action. The parts that make up the system are generally composed of cylinders, pistons, valves, connecting rods, plug sleeves, and a combination of power mechanisms.
4. Power arrangement
The piston needs to be under the action of force to reciprocate in the cylinder. The power source of the downward stroke is applied by the user outside, so that the upper pressure rod drives the piston to overcome the spring force and the friction between the piston and the cylinder to move downward. When the user releases the external force, the piston moves in the opposite direction under the action of the spring force. The main parts that make up the arrangement are the upper pressure rod and the spring, which must be attached to the structure with the cylinder and other parts as the base to function.
5. Convection channel
The material body is continuously spit out from the container to the outside of the container, and the volume occupied by the spit material body must be compensated by the constant entry of air to ensure the constant pressure, and the pump head can continue to work.
6. Anti-opening structure
On the prevention of unintended opening
In order to prevent the material from being spit out due to unexpected pressing by the pump head during the process of packaging, transfer, and transportation before the material is delivered to the customer for use, it is necessary to protect the pump head from opening. The commonly used structures with this function are: cover (cover) protection, clip (buckle) protection, thread protection, directional opening protection and other anti-pressure protection structures.
7. Connecting parts
Parts that make a useful connection between the pump and the container. Generally, the components are screw caps, snap caps, and are equipped with pressing sheets to ensure air tightness.
8. Subordinate accessories
It plays a decorative role, and some also serve as structural parts. Commonly used structures are: indenter aluminum sleeve, indenter plastic sleeve, screw cap aluminum sleeve, screw cap plastic sleeve, etc.